Try this beautiful problem from TOMATO Objective no. 27 based on Closure of a set of even numbers. Problem: Closure of a set of even numbers S is the set whose elements are zero and all even integers, positive and negative. Consider the 5 operations- [1] addition; [2] subtraction; [3] multiplication; [4] division; and […]
Try this beautiful problem from TOMATO Objective no. 13 based on Calendar Problem. This problem is useful for BSc Maths and Stats Entrance Exams. Problem: June 10, 1979, was a SUNDAY. Then May 10, 1972, was a (A) Wednesday; (B) Friday; (C) Sunday; (D) Tuesday; Solution: In a (non-leap) year there are 365 days. $365 […]
Try this beautiful problem from TOMATO Subjective Problem no. 173 based on the Sum of Polynomials. Problem : Sum of polynomials Let [latex] {{P_1},{P_2},...{P_n}}[/latex] be polynomials in [latex] {x}[/latex], each having all integer coefficients, such that [latex] {{P_1}={{P_1}^{2}+{P_2}^{2}+...+{P_n}^{2}}}[/latex]. Assume that [latex] {P_1}[/latex] is not the zero polynomial. Show that [latex] {{P_1}=1}[/latex] and [latex] {{P_2}={P_3}=...={P_n}=0}[/latex] Solution : As [latex] […]
This problem is from the Test of Mathematics, TOMATO Subjective Problem no. 172 based on the Round Robin tournament. Problem : Suppose there are [latex] {k}[/latex] teams playing a round robin tournament; that is, each team plays against all the other teams and no game ends in a draw.Suppose the [latex] {i^{th}}[/latex] team loses [latex] […]
This is a Test of Mathematics Solution Subjective 87 (from ISI Entrance). The book, Test of Mathematics at 10+2 Level is Published by East West Press. This problem book is indispensable for the preparation of I.S.I. B.Stat and B.Math Entrance. Also visit: I.S.I. & C.M.I. Entrance Course of Cheenta Problem: Let \(P(z) = az^2+ bz+c\), […]
This is a beautiful problem based on Some Direct Inequalities from Test of Mathematics Subjective Problem no. 80. Problem: Some Direct Inequalities If \(a,b,c\) are positive numbers, then show that \(\frac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\geq a+b+c\) Solution: This problem can be solved using a direct application of the Titu's Lemma but we will instead prove the lemma first using […]
This is a beautiful problem based on Solving Equations from Test of Mathematics Subjective Problem no. 20. Problem : Solving equations If \(\ a,b,c,d\) satisfy the equations $$a+7b+3c+5d=0,$$ $$8a+7b+6c+2d=-16,$$ $$2a+6b+4c+8d=16,$$ $$5a+3b+7c+d=-16,$$ then \(\ (a+d)(b+c)\) equals \(\ (A)16 \quad (B)-16\quad (C)0 \quad\) (D)none of the foregoing numbers Solution: $$a+7b+3c+5d=0\dots(1),$$ $$8a+7b+6c+2d=-16\dots(2),$$ $$2a+6b+4c+8d=16\dots(3),$$ $$5a+3b+7c+d=-16\dots(4),$$ \(\ (1)-(3)\), and \(\ […]
Cauchy Schwarz Problem: Let be a polynomial with non-negative coefficients.Prove that if for ,then the same inequality holds for each . Discussion: Cauchy Schwarz's Inequality: Suppose for real numbers (\ a_{i},b_{i}), where (\ i\in{1,2,\dots,n}) we can say that $${\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_{i}^2}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}{a_{i}b_{i}}^2$$. Titu's Lemma: Let (\ a_{i},b_{i}\in{\mathbb{R}}) and let (\ a_{i},b_{i}>0) for (\ i\in{1,2,\dots,n}) $$\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{a_{i}^2}{b_{i}}\ge\frac{{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}}^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_{i}}$$ Proof of Cauchy Schwarz's Inequality: We […]
PROBLEM: Given and are two quadratic polynomials with rational coefficients. Suppose and have a common irrational solution. Prove that for all where is a rational number. SOLUTION: Suppose the common irrational root of (\ f(x)) and (\ g(x)) be (\sqrt{a}+b). Then by properties of irrational roots we can say that the other root of both of […]
Problem: Let ( \ k) be a fixed odd positive integer.Find the minimum value of ( \ x^2+y^2),where ( \ x,y) are non-negative integers and ( \ x+y=k). Solution: According to Cauchy Schwarz's inequality, we can write, ( \ (x^2+y^2)\times(1^2+1^2) \ge)(\ (x\times1+y\times1)^2) =>( \ 2(x^2+y^2)\ge)(\ (x+y)^2) =>( \ x^2+y^2\ge) (\frac{k^2}{2}) Therefore,the minimum value of ( \ x^2+y^2) is […]
Try this beautiful problem from the Pre-RMO, 2019 based on Greatest Integer. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem.
Try this beautiful problem from the American Invitational Mathematics Examination I, AIME I, 1996 based on Parallelogram Problem.
Try this beautiful problem from PRMO, 2019, problem-12, based on Integer Problem. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem.
Try this beautiful problem from Geometry: Sectors in Circle from AMC-10A, 2012. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem
Try this beautiful problem from Algebra: Sum of whole numbers from AMC-10A, 2012. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem
Try this beautiful problem from the American Invitational Mathematics Examination I, AIME I, 1995 based on Pyramid with Square base.
Try this beautiful problem from the American Invitational Mathematics Examination I, AIME I, 1995 based on Repeatedly Flipping a Fair Coin.
Try this beautiful problem from the Pre-RMO, 2019 based on Sum of digits. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem.
Try this beautiful problem from Singapore Mathematics Olympiad, SMO, 2009 based on Trigonometry Simplification. You may use sequential hints.
Try this beautiful problem from Geometry: Area of quadrilateral from AMC-10A, 2020. You may use sequential hints to solve the problem.
Problem If $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} =\frac{{\pi}^2}{6}$ then $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2n-1)^2}$ is equal to (A) $\frac{{\pi}^2}{24}$ (B) $\frac{{\pi}^2}{8}$ (C) $\frac{{\pi}^2}{6}$ (D) $\frac{{\pi}^2}{3}$ Hint Try to write the summation as sum of square of reciprocal of odd numbers and even numbers and take the advantage of the infinite sum Solution $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} =\frac{{\pi}^2}{6}$ $\Rightarrow \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2n)^2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2n-1)^2}= […]
Probability theory is nothing but common sense reduced to calculation. Pierre-Simon Laplace Today we will be discussing a problem from the second chapter of A First Course in Probability(Eighth Edition) by Sheldon Ross. Let's see what the problem says: Describing the Problem The problem(prob-48) says: Given 20 people, what is the probability that among the […]
PROBLEM Let $p$ be an odd prime.Then the number of positive integers less than $2p$ and relatively prime to $2p$ is: (A)$p-2$ (B) $\frac{p+1}{2} $(C) $p-1$(D)$p+1$ SOLUTION This is a number theoretic problem .We can solve this problem in 2 different methods. Let us see them both one by one Method -1 Let us look […]
There should be no such thing as boring mathematics. Edsger W. Dijkstra In one of our previous post, we have discussed on Mandelbrot Set. That set is one of the most beautiful piece of art and mystery. At the end of that post, I have said that we can calculate the value of $\pi $ […]
Author: Kazi Abu Rousan The pure mathematician, like the musician, is a free creator of his world of ordered beauty. Bertrand Russell Today we will be discussing one of the most fascinating idea of number theory, which is very simple to understand but very complex to get into. Today we will see how to find […]
Problem Let $f$:$\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continous function such that for all$x \in \mathbb{R}$ and all $t\geq 0$ f(x)=f(ktx) where $k>1$ is a fixed constant Hint Case-1 choose any 2 arbitary nos $x,y$ using the functional relationship prove that $f(x)=f(y)$ Case-2 when $x,y$ are of opposite signs then show that $$f(x)=f(\frac{x}{2})=f(\frac{x}{4})\dots$$ use continuity to […]
PROBLEM Let $f (0,\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continous function such that for all $x \in (0,\infty)$ $f(x)=f(3x)$ Define $g(x)= \int_{x}^{3x} \frac{f(t)}{t}dt$ for $x \in (0,\infty)$ is a constant function HINT Use leibniz rule for differentiation under integral sign SOLUTION using leibniz rule for differentiation under integral sign we get $g'(x)=f(3x)-f(x)$ $\Rightarrow g'(x)=0$ [ Because f(3x)=f(x)] […]
PROBLEM Show that there are exactly $2$ numbers $a$ in the set $\{1,2,3\dots9400\}$ such that $a^2-a$ is divisible by $10000$ HINT Use Modular arithmetic and concepts of coprime numbers SOLUTION we know $10000=2^4*5^4$ In order for $10000$ to divide $a^2-a$ both $2^4$ and $5^4$ must divide $ a^2-a $ Write $a^2-a=a(a-1)$ Note that $a$ and […]
Author: Kazi Abu Rousan $\pi$ is not just a collection of random digits. $\pi$ is a journey; an experience; unless you try to see the natural poetry that exists in $\pi$, you will find it very difficult to learn. Today we will see a python code to find the value of $\pi $ up to […]
Author: Kazi Abu Rousan Pi is not merely the ubiquitous factor in high school geometry problems; it is stitched across the whole tapestry of mathematics, not just geometry’s little corner of it. $\pi$ is truly one of the most fascinating things exist in mathematics. It's not just there in geometry, but it's also there in pendulum, […]