Inequality, Israel MO 2018, Problem 3

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Understand the problem

[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.0" text_font="Raleway||||||||" background_color="#f4f4f4" custom_margin="10px||10px" custom_padding="10px|20px|10px|20px" box_shadow_style="preset2"]Determine the minimal and maximal values the expression $\frac{|a+b|+|b+c|+|c+a|}{|a|+|b|+|c|}$ can take, where $a,b,c$ are real numbers.[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version="3.25"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="3.25" custom_padding="|||" custom_padding__hover="|||"][et_pb_accordion open_toggle_text_color="#0c71c3" _builder_version="3.22.4" toggle_font="||||||||" body_font="Raleway||||||||" text_orientation="center" custom_margin="10px||10px"][et_pb_accordion_item title="Source of the problem" open="on" _builder_version="4.0"]Israel MO 2018, Problem 3[/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title="Topic" _builder_version="4.0" open="off"]Algebra, Inequality[/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title="Difficulty Level" _builder_version="4.0" open="off"]6/10[/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title="Suggested Book" _builder_version="4.0" open="off"]Excursion in Mathematics by Bhaskarcharya Prathisthan[/et_pb_accordion_item][/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_text _builder_version="3.27.4" text_font="Raleway|300|||||||" text_text_color="#ffffff" header_font="Raleway|300|||||||" header_text_color="#e2e2e2" background_color="#0c71c3" custom_margin="48px||48px" custom_padding="20px|20px|20px|20px" border_radii="on|5px|5px|5px|5px" box_shadow_style="preset3"]

Start with hints

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[/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title="Hint 1" _builder_version="4.0"]Given the expressions, what inequality comes to your mind first?The triangle inequality right?|x| + |y| \( \geq \) |x+y|.Can you use this inequality to get a maximum bound?[/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title="Hint 2" _builder_version="4.0"]Maximum Bound:Observe that the maximum bound is got by the triangle inequality as explained.$|a+b| \le |a|+|b|$
$|b+c| \le |b|+|c|$  
$|a+c| \le |a|+|c|$We get,$\frac{|a+b|+|b+c|+|c+a|}{|a|+|b|+|c|} \le\frac{|a|+|b|+|b|+|c|+|a|+|c|}{|a|+|b|+|c|}=2$Never forget to mention the equality case: a = b = c is the equality case. [/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title="Hint 3" _builder_version="4.0"]What about the minimum inequality?The idea is that you can observe that keeping the denominator constant, can you reduce the numerator. Let's take the case of the |a| = |b| = |c| = 1.Now, the expression is maximized when a = b = c = 1 or -1.So, obviously one must be positive or two must be negative or vice-versa. In either case, we get \( \frac{2}{3} \).Okay, then maybe we need to deal with the signs and stuff to get a hold on the minimum.Let's fix the signs of a,b,c then, we can break the bonds of the modulus. Let's proceed to the next hint.

[/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title="Hint 4" _builder_version="4.0"]Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be arbitrary real numbers, not all of them equal $0$. By flipping signs, we can assume that at least two of $a$, $b$, and $c$ are non-negative. Actually, without loss of generality, we can assume that $a, b\geq 0$.\( 3|a + b| + 3|b + c| + 3|c + a| \geq 3a + 3b + 3|b+c| + 3|a+c| \geq 2(a+b) + (a + |a + c|) + (b + |b + c|) \)\( = 2(|a| + |b|) + (|-a| + |a + c|) + (|-b| + |b + c|) \geq 2(|a| + |b|) + |c| + |c| = 2|a| + 2|b| + 2|c| \)We have proved that the minimum possible value of $\frac{|a+b|+|b+c|+|c+a|}{|a|+|b|+|c|}$ is $\frac{2}{3}$.The minimum is $\frac{2}{3}$, which is attained for $a = b = 1$$c = -1$. 

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Connected Program at Cheenta

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Math Olympiad is the greatest and most challenging academic contest for school students. Brilliant school students from over 100 countries participate in it every year.Cheenta works with small groups of gifted students through an intense training program. It is a deeply personalized journey toward intellectual prowess and technical sophistication.[/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url="https://cheenta.com/matholympiad/" url_new_window="on" button_text="Learn More" button_alignment="center" _builder_version="3.23.3" custom_button="on" button_bg_color="#0c71c3" button_border_color="#0c71c3" button_border_radius="0px" button_font="Raleway||||||||" button_icon="%%3%%" background_layout="dark" button_text_shadow_style="preset1" box_shadow_style="preset1" box_shadow_color="#0c71c3"][/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version="3.27.4" text_font="Raleway|300|||||||" text_text_color="#ffffff" header_font="Raleway|300|||||||" header_text_color="#e2e2e2" background_color="#0c71c3" custom_margin="50px||50px" custom_padding="20px|20px|20px|20px" border_radii="on|5px|5px|5px|5px" box_shadow_style="preset3"]

Similar Problems

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