Let's discuss the problem based on losing seconds where we find the depth below the earth's surface. Try yourself and then read the solution.
The Problem: Losing Seconds
Taking the earth's radius as (6400 Km) and assuming that the value of (g) inside the earth is proportional to the distance from the earth's centre, at what depth below the earth's surface would a pendulum which beats seconds at the earth's surface lose (5) min in a day?
Discussion:
Let us assume (g) is the acceleration due to gravity at depth (d) below the surface of the earth and (g) is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface.
Let the corresponding time periods be (T_0) and (T).
$$ g=g_0(1-\frac{d}{R}) $$
where (g) and (g_0) are the acceleration due to gravity at depth respectively, and (R) is the radius of the earth
$$ T=T_0\sqrt{\frac{g_0}{g}}=T_0(1-d/R)^{-1/2}$$ $$=T_0(1+\frac{d}{2R})
$$
Time registered for the whole body will be proportional to the time period. Thus,
$$ \frac{T}{T_0}=\frac{t}{t_0}=1+d/2R$$
$$ = \frac{86400}{86400-300}=1+\frac{d}{2R}$$
Substituting
(R=6400Km), we find (d=44.6Km)
